A small number of high-performance computing units replace a large number of distributed MCUs (micro control units) in the past. Multiple scattered small sensors are integrated into a single sensor with stronger functions. The functions of the car are gradually integrated and centralized. The burden reduction of the ECU means that the original Dozens of hundreds of ECUs strip software and hardware one by one, and then migrate the functions to the domain controller mainly through software (domain controller refers to the general name of the entire system composed of domain master hardware, operating system, algorithm and application software, etc. ), such as autonomous driving, entertainment, gateways, etc., on the basis of the domain controller architecture, domains with different functions are further integrated to reach the stage of cross-domain integration, and then to the stage of central computing location domain. The upgrade of vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is mainly reflected in three aspects: hardware architecture, software architecture, and communication architecture: the hardware architecture is developing from distributed to domain control/centralized; the software architecture is developing from highly coupled software and hardware to layered decoupling; The communication architecture is developing from LIN/CAN bus to Ethernet.