By smart fusing. As distribution hubs, zone controllers naturally include smart fuse modules as well. The traditional blowing fuse in the relay is replaced by a semiconductor to realize intelligent fusing. In the past, wire diameters had to be designed to be 30% larger than needed, increasing the wire’s ability to withstand peak loads and preventing fuses from blowing. In contrast, with smart fusing, the vehicle can set the physical limit to how much the wire can be loaded for a specific period of time. This means that wire gauges can often be reduced (eg, from 4mm2 to 2.5mm2), thereby reducing weight and wiring costs.