Second, the number of smart sensors/actuators increases. The computing power in the traditional function-oriented ECU+sensor integration solution will be stripped and concentrated in the DCU. At the same time, the sensor itself needs to have basic computing power to communicate with the DCU, such as through CAN. Third, software is starting to be independent of hardware, but not completely separate. Some independent functions are still implemented by ECUs, but the emergence of abstraction layer is an important basis for realizing complete separation of hardware and software and domain fusion in the future. Fourth, the central gateway and each domain can communicate through Ethernet.