Comprehensive testing for a successful implementation requires automotive Ethernet engineers to address common high-frequency board design issues, including signal noise, signal quality, crosstalk, reflections, impedance matching, and DC power integrity. To ensure successful implementation and reliable operation, Automotive Ethernet also requires extensive testing of the physical layer, protocols, compliance, security, and wiring harnesses. There are three test points for layer-by-layer conformance testing: transmitter and protocol triggering and decoding; link segment, including harness and connectors; and receiver.